Eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide–palladium nanohybrids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanostructured hybrids of graphene oxide and palladium were fabricated by means of one-step solvent-free gas phase treatment of graphene oxide with the aliphatic amines 1-octadecylamine and 1,8-diaminooctane, followed by in situ decoration with palladium in the liquid medium using palladium chloride as the precursor and citric acid as a mild and environmentally friendly stabilizing and reducing agent. The proposed synthesis method represents an eco-friendly alternative for obtaining nanohybrids of graphene oxide and palladium nanoparticles under mild conditions. Spectroscopic studies evidenced -COOH group derivatization of graphene due to the amidation reaction; transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized crystalline palladium particles and evidenced that the diamine-functionalization results in a larger particle sizes than observed for monoamine- or non-functionalized substrates. The hybrids obtained have a slightly lower thermal stability than pristine graphene oxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".