Visible and infrared spectra of the solids α- and β-O2 at 9–30 K
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT To establish the spectroscopy of the solids α- and β-oxygen, we measured the thermal ramping spectra of the solid O2 in visible and near-infrared (near-IR) wavelength range 450–1020 nm and mid-infrared (mid-IR) range 500–5000 cm−1 (2–20 μm) at temperature 9–30 K. Besides the solids α- and β-oxygen, the imperfect structure of O2 ice might co-exist at low temperature. In mid-IR spectra, a triplet was observed at 1545.7, 1548.1, and 1549.6 cm−1 associated to the imperfect crystallinity of solid O2; the triplet existed below 27 K, but not at 30 K and on re-cooling to 9 K. The spectra measured at re-cooled 9 and 30 K are evidently responsible only for the solids α- and β-O2, respectively; overall, the spectra of the solids α- and β-O2 appear similar in the visible region, but those differ significantly from the spectrum of the solid O2 contaminated with imperfect structure. For solid α-O2, IR lines were recorded at 1591 and 1617 cm−1, which exhibited a reversible behaviour through the α-β phase transition temperature at 24 K. The visible spectrum of the separate solid α-O2 was obtained for the first time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".