<sub> Altered neutrophil extracellular traps in response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in persons living with HIV with no previous TB and negative TST and IGRA </sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). After prolonged and repeated exposure, some PLWH never develop TB and test persistently negative in tests of immune sensitization tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) . This group has been identified and defined as HIV+ persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN). To investigate potential innate mechanisms unique to individuals with the HITTIN phenotype we compared their neutrophil Mtb infection response to that of PLWH, with no TB history, but who test persistently IGRA positive, and tuberculin positive (HIT). Neutrophil samples from 17 HITTIN (PMN HITTIN ) and 11 HIT (PMN HIT ) were isolated and infected with Mtb H37Rv for 1h and 6h. RNA was extracted and used for RNAseq analysis. At 1h of Mtb infection, PMN HITTIN displayed 151 significantly upregulated and 40 significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and PMN HIT 98 significantly upregulated and 11 significantly downregulated DEGs. At the 6h timepoint, PMN HITTIN displayed 3106 significantly upregulated and 3548 significantly downregulated DEGs while PMN HIT had 3816 significantly up- and 3794 significantly downregulated DEGs. There was no significant differential transcriptional response at 1h between infected PMN HITTIN and PMN HIT. However, when contrasting the log 2 FC 6h infection response to Mtb from PMN HITTIN against PMN HIT , 2285 genes showed significant differential response between the two groups. Apoptosis and NETosis were key pathways linked to the enrichment of genes in PMN HITTIN when contrasted to PMN HIT after 6h infection with Mtb . Fluorescence microscopy revealed relatively lower neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cell loss in PMN HITTIN compared to PMN HIT , showing that PMN HITTIN have a distinct response to Mtb .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".