Wischnewski Spots in a Case of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Wischnewski spots were first described as a common finding in gastric mucosa of decedents exposed to hypothermic environmental conditions. In recent literature, they were also reported in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreatitis, and fatal burns. Although Wischnewski spots are not specific to cases of hypothermia, we present a case that further supports this contention. We report a case of a middle-aged woman with type 2 diabetes who died of complications of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Although there were no features of hypothermia, she presented with Wischnewski spots in the gastric mucosa. On histology, the gastric mucosa contained brown-black pigmentations with no neutrophilic infiltration. Biochemical analysis from vitreous humor and femoral blood showed marked elevation of glucose levels, low concentration of ketone bodies, pseudohyponatremia, and prerenal azotemia. The autopsy findings in this case discussion shed light to the possible genesis and pathophysiology of Wischnewski spots and highlight an additional differential diagnosis for these lesions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".