Combinatory effects of microplastics and emerging contaminants on alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In oceans today, there is much concern about the effects of microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants (ECs). Here, the authors investigated the combinatory effects of the MPs poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and acrylates/C10–30 alkyl acrylates cross-polymer (AC) (which are commonly found in face wash), together with 2-phenoxyethanol (an EC commonly used in soaps). The model photosynthetic unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to study the potential of these pollutants to initiate algal blooms. It was shown that AC alone resulted in a greater decline in algal biomass as compared with PVC in the short term (14 days). While algal cultures exposed to PVC registered the highest increase in concentrations of the chlorophyll a pigment, it was the combinatory effects of each MP and 2-phenoxyethanol that were the most pronounced in terms of the large increase in algal biomass and the formation of extracellular polymeric substances. Proliferative growths of C. reinhardtii after prolonged exposure to AC–EC contaminants show potential for initiating algal blooms in aquatic environments. Hence, AC should be considered for regulation of waste water removal into water bodies, and other combinations of MPs and ECs should also be investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".