Effect of Soil-Water Characteristic Curve on the Stability of Unsupported Vertical Trenches in Unsaturated Soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In geotechnical engineering practice, unsupported vertical trenches are typically excavated in unsaturated soils. In this case, the variation of shear strength and hydraulic conductivity with respect to soil suction is key information to analyze the stability of an unsupported vertical trench. Most shear strength and hydraulic conductivity models use the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) as a main tool. Various models are available to determine SWCC, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity for unsaturated soils. Scholars or practitioners use one the existing models in numerical analyses to estimate the stability of unsupported vertical trench considering rainfall events. However, limited studies have been undertaken to investigate the effect of SWCC and hydraulic conductivity functions on the stability of unsupported vertical trenches in unsaturated soils. In the present study, numerical stability analyses are carried out by using different SWCCs and hydraulic conductivity functions to investigate their influence on the estimated safe height and stand-up time of unsupported vertical trenches. The same shear strength model was used for entire numerical analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".