Relationship between Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Status and Balance Confidence among Geriatric Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Hearing impairment is a growing public healthcare issue in the world that increases with age. It has asignificant impairment in all aspects of life especially among geriatric patients and its increased severity is directlyassociated with greater negative consequences. Aim: Assess the relationship between hearing impairment andcognitive status and balance confidence among geriatric patients. Method: A descriptive research design wasutilized with a purposive sample of 112 geriatric patients diagnosed with hearing impairment and met the inclusioncriteria. Setting: This study was conducted in the outpatient audiology clinic of otolaryngology department at MainMansoura University Hospital. Tools: Data was collected using three tools; Geriatric Patient’s DemographicCharacteristics and Clinical Data Structured Interview Schedule, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale andActivities-Specific Balance Confidence scale. Results: This study was reported that, 57.1% of the studied subjectshad mild grade of hearing impairment, whereas 34.8% of them had a moderate grade of hearing impairment. As forcognitive status, 43.8% of the studied subjects had mild cognitive function impairment, 19.6% of them had amoderate cognitive function impairment. While, 71.4% of the studied subjects had a high level of balanceconfidence, 28.6% of them had a moderate level of balance confidence. A statistical significant relation foundbetween the severity of hearing impairment and the studied subjects’ age, sex, marital status, level of education andwork before retirement p ≤ 0.05 respectively. A highly statistically significant negative relation between the severityof hearing impairment of the studied subjects and their cognitive status and balance confidence p ≤ 0.01 respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, mild grade of hearing impairment is the most prevalent grade among studiedsubjects followed by moderate grade. Severe grade of hearing impairment was found in older age group than theyounger age group, in female than males and in those who are illiterate. More than one third of the studied subjectswho have moderate grade of hearing impairment have moderate cognitive function impairment and all the studiedsubjects who have severe grade of hearing impairment have moderate level of balance confidence.Recommendations: Assess the geriatric patients' knowledge and skills they utilize to overcome hearing impairmentproblems and design an educational program for them about treatment adherence and using hearing aids to improvetheir cognitive function, psychosocial status and balance confidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".