The Great Pioneers of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Is it Necessary to Ascertain Anybody the Fatherhood of CABG?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coronary bypass operation is one of the greatest achievements of medical science in the 20th century. Alexis Carrel in 1910 and Arthur Vineberg in 1945 tried to perform surgical revascularization of the diseased coronary arteries. In the beginning of the 1950s many surgeons attempted experimentally to anastomose internal thoracic artery to the coronary arteries. Success was achieved simultaneously and independently by Vladimir Demikhov in Russia and Gordon Murray in Canada. Then the real success come of mammary-coronary bypass with tantalum ring by Robert H Goetz and with suture technique by Vasilii I Kolesov. Then autogenous great saphenous vein used by Rene G Favaloro and others and made the procedure popular worldwide. Which contribution is greater, when medicine depends on evolution and big accomplishment reached by means of the contribution of many. There comes the interesting question who should be given the credit of introducing this major surgical procedure, and along comes the ethical issue whether any single individual should be ascertained the fatherhood of CABG or any historic event at all! Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 185-188
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".