Association between vascular access type and depression in hemodialysis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hemodialysis is the most common treatment used for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and an arteriovenous fistula (AV) fistula is the preferred vascular access. The goal of our study was to investigate potential associations between vascular access type and depression. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of 180 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess degree of depression. Demographic factors, treatment details, and laboratory values were obtained from the hospital medical record. FINDINGS: Fifty-two percent (n = 93) of the patients were being dialyzed using an AV fistula and 48% (n = 87) via a tunneled cuffed catheter. No significant differences were found between access type use in terms of gender (p = 0.266), presence of diabetes, hypertension, or peripheral artery disease (p = 0.409, p = 0.323, p = 0.317; respectively). The prevalence of Beck Depression Inventory scores greater than 14 (marking presence of depression) was significantly higher in the patients being dialyzed with a tunneled cuffed catheters (61%) compared to patients dialyzed with an AV fistula (36%) (p = 0.001). DISCUSSION: We found statistically higher depression scores among patients receiving hemodialysis with a tunneled cuffed catheter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".