Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio of Gut Microbiota and Its Relationships with Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Recent studies show gut microbiota dysbiosis that plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and complications of T2DM. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum ratio (F/B ratio) is one of the markers for gut microbiota dysbiosis which remains to be investigated in recent decades. AIM: The present study summarized the correlation between B/F ratio with some clinical parameters of T2DM. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. All observational cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies that studied F/B or B/F ratio in T2DM were included. Key evidence was analyzed and qualitatively synthesized. RESULT: Seven relevant studies were included. Five studies were high-quality and two studies were medium-quality. The F/B ratio of the gut microbiota varies in different types of T2DM and is associated with different clinical parameters. The F/B ratio decreased inT2DM and had significant negative correlation with OGTT blood glucose but had unsignificant correlation with fasting fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C. The F/B ratio might increase in T2DM and was positively correlated with lean tissue index and associated with the wider left atrial size. CONCLUSION: Current systematic review demonstrated that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis played a key role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The gut microbiota F/B ratio was varied and was associated with various clinical parameters in T2DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".