Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio of Gut Microbiota and Its Relationships with Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Recent studies show gut microbiota dysbiosis that plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and complications of T2DM. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum ratio (F/B ratio) is one of the markers for gut microbiota dysbiosis which remains to be investigated in recent decades. AIM: The present study summarized the correlation between B/F ratio with some clinical parameters of T2DM. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. All observational cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies that studied F/B or B/F ratio in T2DM were included. Key evidence was analyzed and qualitatively synthesized. RESULT: Seven relevant studies were included. Five studies were high-quality and two studies were medium-quality. The F/B ratio of the gut microbiota varies in different types of T2DM and is associated with different clinical parameters. The F/B ratio decreased inT2DM and had significant negative correlation with OGTT blood glucose but had unsignificant correlation with fasting fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C. The F/B ratio might increase in T2DM and was positively correlated with lean tissue index and associated with the wider left atrial size. CONCLUSION: Current systematic review demonstrated that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis played a key role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The gut microbiota F/B ratio was varied and was associated with various clinical parameters in T2DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".