Finding the Most Effective Data Augmentation Techniques on Brain MRI Data Using Deep Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2020, over 250,000 people died from brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. Brain tumors account for around 85% or more of these. As of 2021, over 16 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with some type of cognitive impairment. The goal of this paper is to find the most effective set of data augmentations to correctly classify cognitive diseases with deep networks, using structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. This paper demonstrates a Greedy optimization technique to find the most effective sequence of data augmentations out of blurring, distortion, position, and red noise (an overlay augmentation displaying random clouds of noise on the images). We sought to classify 3 tumors: glioma tumors, pituitary tumors, and meningioma tumors, as well as detect if there was no tumor at all. We also classified 3 stages of Alzheimer's disease: not demented, very mildly demented, and mildly demented, to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the data augmentation sequence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".