High‐Entropy Surface Complex Stabilized LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Cathode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Elevating the charge voltage of LiCoO 2 increases the energy density of batteries, which is highly enticing in energy storage implementation ranging from portable electronics to e‐vehicles. However, hybrid redox reactions at high voltages facilitate oxygen evolution, electrolyte decomposition and irreversible phase change, and accordingly lead to rapid battery capacity decay. Here significantly improved high‐voltage cycling stability of Mg‐Al‐Eu co‐doped LiCoO 2 is demonstrated. It is found that element co‐doping induces a near‐surface high‐entropy zone, including an innately thin disordered rock‐salt shell and a dopant segregation surface. The high‐entropy complex can effectively suppress oxygen evolution and near‐surface structure deconstruction. The phase change reversibility between O3 and H1‐3 and thermal stability of the cathode are greatly enhanced as well. As a result, the co‐doped LiCoO 2 exhibits a remarkable cycling performance, retaining 86.3% and 72.0% of initial capacity over 800 and 2000 cycles, respectively, with a high cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V. The feasible co‐doping approach broadens the perspective for the development of stable lithium‐ion batteries with high operating voltages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".