Knowledge and Practice Towards Family Planning Among Reproductive Age Women in Herat City - Afghanistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Family planning, general fertility rate, and total fertility rate are the first three determinants of maternal health in Afghanistan.This study assessed knowledge, practice, and predictors of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Herat city of Afghanistan. Materials and Methods:This descriptive study was conducted among 1,610 women who were selected by a convenient sampling technique.Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors related to the current use of any family planning methods among participants. Results:The mean age of participants was 30.3±6.9 years, mean age of participants at first marriage was 17.6±3.6years.The first three information sources about contraceptives were family members (35.5%), television (26.4%), and health staff (19.9%).The most common types of contraceptives (used by the participants) were combined oral contraceptives (18.1%), male condom (17.6%), and withdrawal methods (17.5%).Logistic regression analyses showed that adolescent age increased the risk by 2,159 [95% confidence interval (CI) (1,238-3,765); p=0.007], high parity (≥4) increased the risk by 1,525 [95% CI (1,162-2,002); p=0.002], husband who was unemployed increased the risk by 1.764 [95% CI (1,221-2,549); p=0.003], and lack of knowledge about family planning methods increased the risk by 11,674 [95% CI (7,285); p<0.001], in terms of not using any family planning methods. Conclusion:We found that the use of any family planning method was low in risk groups.It is critical for health policymakers, healthcare workers, and family members to support and educate women, especially those in the risk group, about the benefit of family planning methods for their family and society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".