Genetic variability of kernel phenolics in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) inbreds with differing levels of resistance to gibberella ear rot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A comprehensive study was performed to investigate the kernel phenolics content and profile of a broad range of maize inbreds varying in disease resistance to gibberella ear rot. Three phenolic fractions (soluble free, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound) at different kernel developmental stages in two growing seasons were analyzed. The phenolics content and profile revealed a genotype dependency. The highest amount and diversity of phenolics were at day 11 after self‐pollination in both growing seasons. This was confirmed by a distinctive PCA biplot clustering of phenolics at day 11 compared to other harvesting days for all fractions. A strong negative correlation was found between the conjugated and bound phenolics in both growing seasons (in 2016, r = 0.93, p < 0.0001; and in 2018, r = 0.94, p < 0.0001). In both growing seasons, the main phenolic compounds in the free, conjugated, and bound fractions were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and t ‐ferulic acid, respectively. Comprehensive results were presented for how the phenolics evolved over the period of kernel development and how their content changed. The PCA‐biplot analysis revealed different patterns of clustering for phenolic associations in different fractions as well as in different growing seasons, reflecting the evolution process of individual phenolics during kernel filling period. Overall, genotypes with higher disease resistance possessed higher phenolics in the bound and conjugated fractions at blister stage. This study provides a useful resource of maize inbred phenolics profiles that could be applied in future breeding efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".