Synthesis and properties of biodegradable aliphatic–aromatic polyesters derived from 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel biphenyl monomer, diethyl 6,6′‐dimethoxy‐[1,1′‐bipheny]‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate (DDBD), was synthesized from 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, a phenolic compound derived from lignin. A series of polyesters were prepared by polycondensation of the biphenyl monomer with hydroquinone bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) ether and aliphatic diacids via a two‐step melt polycondensation method. It was shown that the properties of the polyesters can be tuned by varying the length and the structure of the spacer in the aliphatic diacid monomers. Structure–property relations for these materials were investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. GPC analysis showed that the weight‐average molecular weight ( M w ) of the samples varied from 4.2–5.0 × 10 4 g/mol, while thermal analysis yielded T g values of 51–120°C, and 5% decomposition temperatures ( T d,5% ) of 327–389°C. All the samples exhibited a high yield strength (56–87 MPa). After 30 weeks of degradation in soil, the copolyesters had mass losses of up to 4.4%, and an investigation of the ecotoxicity of the copolyesters with Eisenia fetida yielded a survival rate of over 80% after 14 days for the different copolyesters, suggesting low toxicity in the environment. Overall, these copolyesters have good properties and would be suitable to replace petroleum‐based commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) packaging materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".