Scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy: A nanotool to probe hematite nanorods for solar water splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) study of hematite nanorods , prototypical photoanode used in solar water splitting. Hematite nanorods were obtained by hydrothermal growth from aqueous solutions using FeCl 3 as precursor. Potentials for onset of water splitting are smaller using this synthesis method, compared to values reported for hematite photoanodes obtained by epitaxial growth . STXM revealed the presence of a hexahydrate iron chloride phase at the surface of the nanorods , which is linked to the low onset potential values. We detail the quantification approach that revealed the specific microstructure of individual hematite nanorods . • hematite nanorods synthesized by aqueous chemical growth for use as solar water splitting (SWS) photoanodes. • low onset potential compared to epitaxial samples. • scanning transmission X-rays microscopy (STXM) hyper-spectral (O, Fe) imaging of a single nanorod. • second phase FeCl 3 .6H 2 O phase revealed and quantitatively mapped. • FeCl 3 .6H 2 O acts as a proton donor at nanorod surface, causing lower onset for SWS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".