Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historians have long written about the relationship between the living and the dead and the role ghosts play in maintaining this relationship. However, only recently have scholars turned to the ways death in the digital age has disurpted our traditional mourning rituals."Ghosts Without Unfinished Business: Recorded Media and the Liminal in Para-Social Mourning" explores the ways recording technology have shaped Western society's relationship with the dead from the development of the camera to the recent animation capabilities of CGI and "deep fake" technology. In particular, recordings construct a liminal space between life and death by altering our perceptions of the body, ghosts, and time, particularly when the relationship between the living and dead was para-social. This new mourning, theorized as para-social mourning, disrupts traditional understandings of ghosts as recordings are unchanging and frozen in time, thus disallowing the relationship between the living and dead to change. This paper concludes with a parallel drawn between the anxities between the development of the camera and the current anxities regarding CGI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".