AGN feeding and feedback in M84: from kiloparsec scales to the Bondi radius
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present the deepest Chandra observation to date of the galaxy M84 in the Virgo Cluster, with over 840 ks of data provided by legacy observations and a recent 730 ks campaign. The increased signal-to-noise ratio allows us to study the origins of the accretion flow feeding the supermassive black hole in the centre of M84 from the kiloparsec scales of the X-ray halo to the Bondi radius, RB. Temperature, metallicity, and deprojected density profiles are obtained in four sectors about M84’s active galactic nucleus (AGN), extending into the Bondi radius. Rather than being dictated by the potential of the black hole, the accretion flow is strongly influenced by the AGN’s bipolar radio jets. Along the jet axis, the density profile is consistent with ne ∝ r−1; however, the profiles flatten perpendicular to the jet. Radio jets produce a significant asymmetry in the flow, violating a key assumption of Bondi accretion. Temperature in the inner kiloparsec is approximately constant, with only a slight increase from 0.6 to 0.7 keV approaching RB, and there is no evidence for a temperature rise imposed by the black hole. The Bondi accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm B}$ exceeds the rate inferred from AGN luminosity and jet power by over four orders of magnitude. In sectors perpendicular to the jet, $\dot{M}_{\rm B}$ measurements agree; however, the accretion rate is >4σ lower in the North sector along the jet, likely due to cavities in the X-ray gas. Our measurements provide unique insight into the fuelling of AGN responsible for radio mode feedback in galaxy clusters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".