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A comprehensive health effects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey
Fallah Hashemi, Lori Hoepner, Farahnaz Soleimani Hamidinejad, Daniela Haluza, Sima Afrashteh, Alireza Abbasi, Elma Omeragić, Belma Imamović, Narin A. Rasheed, Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher, Fitri Kurniasari, Dhuha Youssef Wazqar, Özge Ceren Apalı, Ayça DEMİR YILDIRIM, Bo Zhao, Zaruhi Kalikyan, Cui Guo, Andrea Chong Valbuena, Magdalena Mititelu, Carolina Martínez Pando, Maria Saridi, Aikaterini Toska, Magalys López Cuba, Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Tohfa Nasibova, Stefanie Harsch, Luvsan Munkh-Erdene, Wafaa Menawi, Efi Evangelou, Antoniya Dimova, Dimitar Marinov, Tеодора Димитрова, Anna Shalimova, Howieda Fouly, Anna Suraya, Juliana Pereira da Silva Faquim, Bouadil Oumayma, Maria Antonieta Annunziato, Rezarta Lalo, Evridiki Papastavrou, Anju Damu Ade, Susanna Caminada, Svetlana Stojkov, Carmen Gloria Narváez, Lutendo Sylvia Mudau, Ines Rassas, Daphnée Michel, Nur Sema Kaynar, Sehar Iqbal, Halla Elshwekh, Irin Hossain, Sadeq AL‐Fayyadh, A. S. Sydorchuk, Dua’a Mohammad Hasan Alnusairat, Asli Mohamed Abdullahi, Neelam Iqbal, Apsara Pandey, Brenda Gómez-Gómez, Ayşenur Günaydın Akyıldız, Elena Moroșan, Daniella Dwarica, Gantuya Dorj, Sumaya Yusuf Hasan, Noha Al‐Shdayfat, Bojana Knežević, Wendy Valladares, Cecilia Severi, María Sofía Cuba-Fuentes, Sofia Augusto, Elizaveta Sidorova, Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum, Tafaul Alawad, Atiqa Khalid, Nafisa M. K. Elehamer, Anna Mihaylova, Оxana Tsigengagel, Aziza Menouni, Agnieszka Wojtecka, Rozita Hod, Yusuf Banke Idayat, khadija Othman, Rim Harfouch, Tsonco Paunov, Meruyert Omar, Nana Christine Benderli, Globila Nurika, Sana Amjad, Salma Elnoamany, fatma El-esrigy, Marwa Mamdouh Shaban, Doménica Acevedo-López, Maria Kartashova, Atika Khalaf, Sabah Abdullah Jaafar, Taisir Abdulelah Kadhim, Nada Hweissa, Yulong Teng, Fatima Elbasri Abuelgasim Mohammed, Thayahlini Sasikumar, Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo, Aditi Kharat, ulyana Lyamtseva, Maya Aldeeb, Natalia Pawlas, Lkhagvasuren Khorolsuren, Roopeshwaree Pallavi Koonjul, Halima Boubacar Maïnassara, Priyanka Chahal, Rose W. Wangeci, Ainur B. Kumar, Irina Zamora‐Corrales, Stella Gracy, Maimouna Mahamat, Jakub Adamczyk, Haliza Abdul Rahman, Lolita Matiashova, Omneya Ezzat Elsherif, Nazdar Ezzaddin Alkhateeb, Yamilé Aleaga, Shima Bahrami, Shaimaa Rahem Al-salihy, Paula Cabrera‐Galeana, Mladena Lalić‐Popović, Eugenie Brown-Myrie, Divya Bhandari, Cinderella Akbar Mayaboti, Svetlana Stanišić, Sanda Kreitmayer Peštić, Muhammed Yunus Bektay, Haleama Al Sabbah, Saber Hashemi, Assia Bouchetara, Anne‐Sophie Merritt, Zhian Ramzi, Himawatee Baboolal, Juman Isstaif, Rula Shami, Rahma Saad, Temwanani Nyirongo, Mohammad Hoseini
Bibliographic record
VenueEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicInfection Control and Ventilation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersShiraz UniversityShiraz University of Medical Sciences
KeywordsDisinfectantHand sanitizerSodium hypochloriteMedicineEnvironmental healthPandemicPersonal protective equipmentChlorineCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)ToxicologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)ChemistryBiologyDiseaseInternal medicinePathology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.057
Threshold uncertainty score0.422
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.187
GPT teacher head0.454
Teacher spread0.268 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations28
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractno