Detection of primary paleomagnetic remanence carriers in zircon crystals using high-resolution X-ray ptycho-tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present the first application of X-ray ptycho-tomography to perform high-resolution, non-destructive, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of magnetic inclusions in paleomagnetically relevant materials (zircon crystals from the Bishop Tuff ignimbrite). Correlative microscopy using quantum diamond magnetic microscopy combined with X-ray fluorescence mapping was used to locate regions containing Fe-bearing magnetic remanence carriers. Ptycho-tomographic reconstructions with voxel sizes 85 nm and 21 nm were achievable across a field-of-view > 80 µm; voxel sizes as small as 5 nm were achievable over a limited field-of-view using local ptycho-tomography. Magnetite particles 300 nm in size were clearly resolved. We estimate that particles as small as 100 nm – approaching single-domain threshold for magnetite – could be resolvable using this “dual-mode” methodology. Our combined magnetic and tomography results support the presence of primary magnetic inclusions in relatively young and pristine zircon crystals, majority of which are in the optimal size range for carrying strong and stable paleomagnetic signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".