Solvent-assisted dechlorophyllization of Psidium guajava leaf extract: Effects on the polyphenol content, cytocompatibility, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dechlorophyllization on the phytochemistry, polyphenol contents, and biological activities of Psidium guajava leaf ethanolic extracts with chlorophyll (PGE), chloroform dechlorophyllized (PGC), and sedimentation dechlorophyllized (PGS). Phytochemical profiling results demonstrated that PGE, PGC, and PGS extract contained 0.67 ± 0.01, 0.89 ± 0.03, and 0.62 ± 0.02 µg/mg of quercetin, respectively. Psidium guajava leaf extract demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis with a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. The extract dechlorophyllized using sedimentation process significantly attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced macrophage cell mortality at 125 µg/mL, compared to PGE and PGC (250 µg/mL). Psidium guajava leaf extract, showed anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC 50 values of 40.81, 91.27, and 65.54 µg/mL, respectively. Dechlorophyllized extract showed < 1% hemolysis on red blood, whereas PGE showed 5.09 ± 0.13% hemolytic effect. The cytocompatibility assay showed the IC 50 values of PGC, PGS and PGE were 161.2 µg/mL, 191.2 µg/mL, and 248.2 µg/mL against oral squamous carcinoma cells. Moreover, PGE, PGC, and PGS significantly inhibited migration and colony formation of carcinoma cells. Our findings revealed that dechlorophyllization significantly impacted on the phytochemical contents and biological activities of P. guajava leaf extracts. • Quercetin was predominant in the chemical composition of the psidium guajava leaf extract. • Dechlorophyllization of psidium guajava leaf extract significantly impacted the phytochemical contents and biological activities. • Dechlorophyllized extract showed attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced macrophage cell mortality. • Dechlorophyllized extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent. • Dechlorophyllized extract had superior anti-cancer activity against carcinoma cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".