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Record W4376611544 · doi:10.1007/s00439-023-02552-2

Genotype–phenotype correlation in contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP-2) developmental disorder

2023· review· en· W4376611544 on OpenAlexaff
Gianluca D’Onofrio, Andrea Accogli, Mariasavina Severino, Haluk Caliskan, Tomislav Kokotović, Antonela Blažeković, Kristina Gotovac, Silvana Markovic, Tamara Žigman, Krnjak Goran, Nina Barišić, Vlasta Đuranović, A.W. van den Ban, Fran Borovečki, Danijela Petković Ramadža, Ivo Barić, Walid Fazeli, Peter Herkenrath, Carla Marini, Roberta Vittorini, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Arjan Bouman, Clarissa Rocca, Issam Al-Khawaja, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Malik Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Chadi Al Alam, Gisele Nader, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Thea Giacomini, Siddharth Srivastava, Javeria Raza Alvi, Hoda Tomoum, Sara Matricardi, Michele Iacomino, Antonella Riva, Marcello Scala, Francesca Madia, Angela Pistorio, Vincenzo Salpietro, Carlo Minetti, Jean‐Baptiste Rivière, Myriam Srour, Stéphanie Efthymiou, Reza Maroofian, Henry Houlden, Sonja C. Vernes, Federico Zara, Pasquale Striano, Vanja Nagy

Bibliographic record

VenueHuman Genetics · 2023
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityMcGill University Health CentreMontreal Children's Hospital
FundersUniversità degli Studi di GenovaCancer Research Institute
KeywordsEpilepsyBiologyAutism spectrum disorderPhenotypeGlobal developmental delayIntellectual disabilityGenotypeAutismAlleleNeurologyInternal medicineGeneticsNeuroscienceMedicineGenePsychiatry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) gene encodes for CASPR2, a presynaptic type 1 transmembrane protein, involved in cell-cell adhesion and synaptic interactions. Biallelic CNTNAP2 loss has been associated with "Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome-1" (MIM#610042), while the pathogenic role of heterozygous variants remains controversial. We report 22 novel patients harboring mono- (n = 2) and bi-allelic (n = 20) CNTNAP2 variants and carried out a literature review to characterize the genotype-phenotype correlation. Patients (M:F 14:8) were aged between 3 and 19 years and affected by global developmental delay (GDD) (n = 21), moderate to profound intellectual disability (n = 17) and epilepsy (n = 21). Seizures mainly started in the first two years of life (median 22.5 months). Antiseizure medications were successful in controlling the seizures in about two-thirds of the patients. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or other neuropsychiatric comorbidities were present in nine patients (40.9%). Nonspecific midline brain anomalies were noted in most patients while focal signal abnormalities in the temporal lobes were noted in three subjects. Genotype-phenotype correlation was performed by also including 50 previously published patients (15 mono- and 35 bi-allelic variants). Overall, GDD (p < 0.0001), epilepsy (p < 0.0001), hyporeflexia (p = 0.012), ASD (p = 0.009), language impairment (p = 0.020) and severe cognitive impairment (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with the presence of biallelic versus monoallelic variants. We have defined the main features associated with biallelic CNTNAP2 variants, as severe cognitive impairment, epilepsy and behavioral abnormalities. We propose CASPR2-deficiency neurodevelopmental disorder as an exclusively recessive disease while the contribution of heterozygous variants is less likely to follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.985
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.256 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations18
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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