A Bright and Ionizable Cytosine Mimic for <i>i</i>-Motif Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new fluorescent cytosine analog “ ts C” containing a trans -stilbene moiety was synthesized and incorporated into hemiprotonated base pairs that comprise i -motif structures. Unlike previously reported fluorescent base analogs, ts C mimics the acid–base properties of cytosine (p K a ≈ 4.3) while exhibiting bright (ε × Φ ≈ 1000 cm –1 M –1 ) and red-shifted fluorescence (λ em = 440 → 490 nm) upon its protonation in the water-excluded interface of ts C +:C base pairs. Ratiometric analyses of ts C emission wavelengths facilitate real-time tracking of reversible conversions between single-stranded, double-stranded, and i -motif structures derived from the human telomeric repeat sequence. Comparisons between local changes in ts C protonation with global structure changes according to circular dichroism suggest partial formation of hemiprotonated base pairs in the absence of global i -motif structures at pH = 6.0. In addition to providing a highly fluorescent and ionizable cytosine analog, these results suggest that hemiprotonated C +:C base pairs can form in partially folded single-stranded DNA in the absence of global i -motif structures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".