Early venous filling after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in anterior circulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The significance of early venous filling (EVF) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of EVF after MT. METHODS: From January 2019 to May 2022, AIS patients with successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI) ≥2b) after MT were retrospectively reviewed. EVF was evaluated on final digital subtraction angiography runs after successful recanalization and was categorized into phase subgroups (arterial phase and capillary phase) and pathway subgroups (cortical veins subgroup and thalamostriate veins subgroup), respectively. The impact of EVF subgroups on functional outcomes after successful recanalization were both investigated. RESULTS: A total of 349 patients achieving successful recanalization after MT were included, including 45 patients in the EVF group and 304 patients in the non-EVF group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the EVF group had a higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; 66.7% vs 22%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.805, 95% CI 3.389 to 13.662, P<0.001), symptomatic ICH (sICH; 28.9% vs 4.9%, aOR 6.011, 95% CI 2.493 to 14.494, P<0.001) and malignant cerebral edema (MCE; 20% vs 6.9%, aOR 2.682, 95% CI 1.086 to 6.624, P=0.032) than the non-EVF group. Furthermore, the cortical veins subgroup of EVF had a higher rate of mortality than the thalamostriate veins subgroup (37.5% vs 10.3%, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: EVF is independently associated with ICH, sICH and MCE after successful recanalization of MT, but not with favorable outcome and mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".