LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS CLUSTER GENE VARIATION IN CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intro: Lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) is the most important virulence factor of Campylobacter jejuni that structurally mimics human nerve ganglioside and consequently triggers Guillain-Barre´ syndrome (GBS) as a post-infectious sequela of gastroenteritis. We investigated the variations within the genomic content of LOS in C. jejuni isolated from patients with GBS or enteritis to find out their contribution to GBS induction. Methods: Seven GBS-associated C. jejuni strains were isolated and sequenced using Illumina NextSeq platform. We analyzed LOS-region of GBS-associated C. jejuni strains (n=7, Bangladesh; n=10, Peru, USA, Netherlands) with respect to enteritis-associated strains (n=16, Bangladesh, Netherlands & Canada) and reference genome C. jejuni NCTC11168 using bioinformatics pipelines. Findings: The frequency of nucleotide-variation within LOS region of C. jejuni was substantially greater in GBS-associated strains than enteritis-associated strains (p=0.002). However, no unique single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), multiple-nucleotide polymorphism (MNP), or complexes of SNPs were detected in GBS-associated genes (cgtA, cgtB, cstII, cstIII, and wlaN). The cst-II gene (n=15) was predominant in GBS-associated strains compared to cst-III gene (n=2). The cst-II(Thr51) gene was frequently present in GBS-associated strains of Bangladesh, USA, and Netherlands with expression of GM1/GD1 epitope (78%), whereas those with cst-II(Asn51) had the GA2 and GD3 epitopes. cst-II(Asn51) was common in Peruvian strains. Peruvian strains isolated from acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant were identical and closely related to 2 strains of AMAN variant from Bangladesh. Phase variable (PV) genes were prevalent in LOS-regions of Bangladeshi and Canadian strains. Among the 34 PV genes possessing repeat tracts, most short sequence repeats were identified as poly-G while five were poly-T and one poly-TA. Conclusion: The frequency of cst-II (Thr51) gene and nucleotide-variation were higher within LOS locus of GBS-associated C. jejuni. Our results support that genetic polymorphism of C. jejuni modifies the substrate specificity of LOS biosynthesis enzyme and autoantibody reactivity that determines the clinical presentation of GBS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".