Expression and localization of efflux drug transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in adult human pancreatic islet alpha and beta cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) are clinically important efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters, widely recognized for their broad substrate specificity associated with multidrug resistance in cancers and limiting substrate drug intracellular accumulation. While their expression and function in organs such as the intestine, liver and kidneys are well understood, there is little known concerning pancreatic islet cells. This study was aimed to characterize the expression and localization of P-gp and BCRP transporters in adult human pancreatic islets using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) and dual immunofluorescent staining approaches. We showed that P-gp and BCRP were highly expressed in the islets compared to liver, and frequently colocalized with insulin or glucagon. These findings provide new insights regarding P-gp and BCRP abundance in beta and alpha cells suggesting a potential role for these efflux transporters in limiting islet cell injury to xenobiotics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".