Cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A cross-sectional study in a Brazilian sample
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contributes to impairment in the patient's quality of life. AIM: To study CD in a sample of patients and the possible associations with cumulative damage, disease activity, clinical/serological profile, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose. METHODS: Included in this study are 103 patients with SLE and 95 controls for cognitive performance through MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) and cumulative organ damage by SLICC/ACR/DI (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression) scale was used to evaluate depression. Data on clinical and serological profile, treatment, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose were also collected. RESULTS: = 0.01, respectively) when compared to controls. Both questionnaires (MoCA with r = -0.29 and MMSE r = -0.21) correlated negatively with SLICC/ACR/DI and the MoCA with SLEDAI (r = -0.22). No associations were found with cumulative glucocorticoid dose, degree of depression, and clinical or serological profile. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MoCA, visuospatial cognition and abstraction were impaired, and according to the MMSE, spatial orientation and language were impaired in patients with SLE. The CD was correlated with cumulative damage and disease activity. These findings demonstrate that both disease-activity and disease-injury associated CD is found broadly in SLE patients in a Brazilian population, supporting the prior reports of CD in other regional SLE populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".