Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Bilirubin Content and Hematological Indices among Neonates in Southern Gaza, Palestine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Premature newborns’ bilirubin conjugation and excretion mechanisms are undeveloped. Seasonal changes and other variables affect the severity of newborns’ physiological jaundice. This study examined blood indices, bilirubin levels, and birth season in neonates in the southern Gaza Strip of Palestine. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 366 neonates aged one to 14 days was conducted in Medical Nasser Complex-Southern Gaza, Palestine.The newborns were divided into four groups based on season of birth: spring (n=72), winter (n=96), autumn (n=103) and summer (n=95). Blood samples were collected in plain vacutainers for assaying bilirubin profile and complete blood count. Bilirubin and complete blood count were assayed by commercial kits. SPSS software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Indirect and total bilirubin showed significant seasonal variations, whereas direct did not. Spring and winter have increased indirect and total bilirubin. Seasonal hemoglobin levels varied significantly. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit positively correlated with total and indirect bilirubins. CONCLUSION: Spring and winter births exhibited higher indirect and total bilirubin in the first two weeks. The birth season appears to affect newborn jaundice. Short sunshine duration may increase neonatal hyperbilirubinemia risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".