Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type I IFNs in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage of at Least 10% of Patients During Life-Threatening COVID-19 Pneumonia
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are found in the blood of at least 15% of unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. We report here the presence of auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 54 of the 415 unvaccinated patients (13%) with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia tested. The 54 individuals with neutralizing auto-Abs in the BAL included 45 (11%) with auto-Abs against IFN-α2, 37 (9%) with auto-Abs against IFN-ω, 54 (13%) with auto-Abs against IFN-α2 and/or ω, and five (1%) with auto-Abs against IFN-β, including three (0.7%) with auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2, IFN-ω, and IFN-β, and two (0.5%) with auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2 and IFN-β. Auto-Abs against IFN-α2 also neutralize the other 12 subtypes of IFN-α. Paired plasma samples were available for 95 patients. All seven patients with paired samples who had detectable auto-Abs in BAL also had detectable auto-Abs in plasma, and one patient had auto-Abs detectable only in blood. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs are, therefore, present in the alveolar space of at least 10% of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. These findings suggest that these auto-Abs impair type I IFN immunity in the lower respiratory tract, thereby contributing to hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.140 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it