Tomato CYP94C1 terminates jasmonate signaling during fruit ripening by inactivating bioactive jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ripe fruits are more susceptible to necrotrophic pathogens than unripe fruits. Although this phenomenon is widespread across different fruit species and results in substantial economic losses, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Previous studies revealed that ethylene (ET) is a key signal controlling climacteric fruit ripening and that jasmonate (JA) regulates plant resistance to necrotrophs. We investigated the function of tomato cytochrome P450 94 ( CYP94 ) family genes in JA signaling and report here that ET-mediated ripening suppresses JA-mediated defense by promoting the deactivation of bioactive JA-Ile. ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3)/EIN3-LIKE (EIL) transcription factors directly activated CYP94C1 to convert JA-Ile to its inactive form 12-COOH-JA-Ile, thereby terminating JA signaling during fruit ripening. Mutation of CYP94C1 led to increased resistance of ripe fruits to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea without affecting the ripening process. Additionally, the master transcription factor MYC2 directly activated two other CYP94 members CYP94B1 and CYP94B2 to convert JA-Ile to its less active form 12-OH-JA-Ile, thereby attenuating JA signaling in wounded leaves. Simultaneous mutation of CYP94B1 and CYP94B2 increased the resistance of leaves to B. cinerea . Thus, differences in the expression and enzymatic activities of CYP94 family gene members precisely control JA-mediated defense responses in tomato.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".