Advances to Stabilize Photoactive Phase of <scp>FAPbI<sub>3</sub></scp> Perovskite<sup>†</sup>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Comprehensive Summary Recently, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials have drawn widespread attention because of their outstanding optoelectrical properties ( i.e ., high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion distance), hence they are suitable light‐absorbing materials for photovoltaic application. Among all perovskite materials, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) based solar cells exhibit impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) at laboratory stage, showing great potential to compete with silicon‐based solar cell. However, FAPbI 3 still suffers from poor phase stability which is the prior problem that needs to be addressed before its further commercialization. To be precise, the photoactive phase (α phase) is thermodynamically metastable at room temperature, which not only makes α phase tend to transform into photoinactive phase (δ phase), but also causes competitive crystallization between two phases during the film preparation process, making it hard to fabricate pure α‐FAPbI 3 films. In our review, we summarized key factors that are vital for obtaining high‐quality FAPbI 3 perovskite thin films and enhancing the stability of FAPbI 3 photoactive phase. First of all, precursor solution stability is of great importance since the conditions of precursor solution determine the nucleation and crystal growth process of perovskite. By introducing coordinating additives, using FAPbI 3 single crystal as raw material or applying co‐solution strategy, the impurities formed by side reaction during precursor solution aging can be effectively suppressed, thus the stability of FAPbI 3 solution can be greatly prolonged. Second, the crystallization kinetics of FAPbI 3 have been systematically manipulated to obtain dense and large grain size perovskite films. Through introducing intermediate phase, regulating the surface energy, and retarding the crystal growth of FAPbI 3 in crystallization process, not only films without pinholes and fewer grain boundaries can be obtained, the pre‐formed δ phase at room temperature can also be well‐suppressed, thus high‐quality α‐FAPbI 3 films can be obtained. Third, how to thermodynamically enhance the phase stability of acquired FAPbI 3 film has been extensively studied. The Gibbs free energy of FAPbI 3 photoactive phase can be reduced through composition engineering, dimension engineering and external additives engineering, hence the phase transition barrier from α phase to δ phase has been significantly improved, which further enhance the phase stability of α‐FAPbI 3 . Lastly, we pointed out challenges of each method and proposed potential applications of mentioned strategies on improving the stability of all kinds of perovskite materials, thus further boost the commercialization of perovskite solar cell devices.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it