Bibliographic record
Abstract
How could any government think that putting sick Indigenous children on a medevac flight without a parent or caregiver's "hand to hold" was a good idea, let alone an idea worth defending?Native American legal scholar Robert Williams (2012) links contemporary colonialism to the dehumanization of Indigenous Peoples as "savages" and the exaltation of settlers and their governments as "civilized."Williams argues that dehumanization clears the way for the unlawful taking of Indigenous lands, resources, cultures, and rights in the name of "progress" of western civilization and its attendant institutions and structures.In a landmark book, Mi'kmaw historian Daniel Paul (2006) tests the validity of the "civilized" label by analyzing the actions of Canadian governments and preceding colonial powers in relation to First Nations people, and concludes that "we were not the savages."Paul's conclusion is supported by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (trc) 2015 finding that Canada's residential schools amounted to "cultural genocide."The trc had some powerful allies in making this proclamation, including then Supreme Court chief justice Beverley McLachlin, who delivered a speech in May 2015 affirming that Canada had attempted cultural genocide through the assimilative and often abusive residential school system, which removed Indigenous children from their families to be "properly cared for."The schools operated for more than a century, with the last one closing in Saskatchewan in 1996 (McLachlin 2015).While there were some detractors, most Canadians accepted that residential schools amounted to cultural genocide.Yet, when the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (mmiwg 2019a, 2019b) reaffirmed this finding four years later, many Canadians were not ready to take the next step.In June 2019,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.719 | 0.650 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".