Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the Upper Water Temperature of the North Atlantic and the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, we investigate the impact of variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on water temperature of the upper 100-m layer of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. We use three datasets (ARMOR-3D, SODA3.4.2, and ORAS4) with different spatial resolutions and coverage of different time periods. The temperature variability is decomposed into its natural modes using empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The second EOF, which accounts for 20–27% of variance of water temperature in the upper ocean, is associated with a change in the AMOC intensity. The time variability of the principal component of this mode has a high correlation with the AMOC (0.6–0.9 depending on the dataset and AMOC index used). The AMOC has the highest impact on water temperature in the Irminger and Labrador seas. The related amplitude of water temperature fluctuations reaches 1.5–2°С in the central Irminger Sea, one of the key areas of deep convection. Intensification of the AMOC over most of the North Atlantic and in the Norwegian Sea leads to a decrease in water temperature over most of the Greenland Sea, in the Barents Sea, and north of Spitsbergen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".