Response of Embedded Plates in Reinforced Concrete Loaded in Eccentric Shear towards an Edge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Embedded plates (EPs) are commonly used to connect steel to reinforced concrete elements. Due to a lack of industry-wide standard designs, EPs are custom designed for every instance in each project. This leads to many inefficiencies in the construction process and introduces susceptibilities to error. North American design standards based on the concrete capacity design (CCD) philosophy require many assumptions to predict EP capacity, which then lead to inconsistencies in their application. CCD is also well suited for analysis as it depends on a considerable numbers of variables (e.g., edge distances, anchor size, number, and length) to check capacity. The sheer number of variables makes it difficult for designers to come up with a trial design to fit a situation. This study aims to improve the efficiency of this process by proposing standard EPs. A subset of these proposed standard EPs are then experimentally tested to verify predicted capacities and evaluate design assumptions using existing CCD approaches in North America. Four- and six-anchor proposed standard EPs with shear tab connections were placed at four distances from the concrete edge (75–250 mm) and tested in shear towards the edge. North American provisions for concrete anchorage were adequate in predicting the failure loads if connection eccentricity, caused by the gap between the shear tab bolt line and the exposed surface of the plate, is considered in capacity predictions. Mean test-to-predicted ratios of 0.92 and 1.05 were obtained, respectively, when not considering and considering this eccentricity. Rotations of these connections during testing (0.01 to 0.02 rad at peak load with further rotations post-peak) and signs of secondary tension breakout cones suggest that connection eccentricity significantly affects the behavior of EPs and should be considered in design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".