Advances in nuclear structure via charged particle reactions with AGATA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In recent decades, $$\gamma $$ γ -ray spectroscopy has undergone a major technological leap forward, namely the technique of $$\gamma $$ γ -ray tracking, and has attained a sensitivity that is two orders of magnitude larger than that provided by the former generation of Compton-shielded arrays. Indeed the gain is comparable with the achievements since the dawn of $$\gamma $$ γ -ray spectroscopy. Such sensitivity can be further heightened by coupling $$\gamma $$ γ -ray spectrometers to other detectors that record complementary reaction products such as light-charged particles for transfer reactions and scattered ions for Coulomb excitation measurements. Nucleon transfer reactions offer an excellent mean to probe the energies of shell model single-particle orbitals and to study migration in energy of these orbitals as we venture away from stability. Such measurements can also estimate the cross sections of processes relevant to stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. The measurement of $$\gamma $$ γ rays in coincidence with particles provides also information on the decay channel for unbound systems, which constitutes a useful input for astrophysics and nuclear structure near the drip-lines. Coulomb-excitation studies make it possible to infer collective structure in nuclei and to extract deformation properties of, in particular, open-shell systems. Here, selected examples will be presented, highlighting the power of these types of experiments when $$\gamma $$ γ -ray observation is included. The development of the experimental methods is reviewed, showing the results achieved before the advent of $$\gamma $$ γ -ray tracking. Examples of more recent experiments that have successfully exploited $$\gamma $$ γ -ray tracking with AGATA are then presented as showcases for the outstanding performance of the composite detection systems. The outlook for experiments using newly developed devices such as GRIT and other detectors such as SPIDER is described.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".