Automatic bronchus and artery analysis on chest computed tomography to evaluate the effect of inhaled hypertonic saline in children aged 3-6 years with cystic fibrosis in a randomized clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background SHIP-CT showed that 48-week treatment with inhaled 7% hypertonic saline (HS) reduced airway abnormalities on chest CT using the manual PRAGMA-CF method relative to isotonic saline (IS) in children aged 3-6 years with cystic fibrosis (CF). An algorithm was developed and validated to automatically measure bronchus and artery (BA) dimensions of BA-pairs on chest CT. Aim of the study was to assess the effect of HS on bronchial wall thickening and bronchial widening using the BA-analysis. Methods The BA-analysis (LungQ, version 2.1.0.1, Thirona, Netherlands) automatically segments the bronchial tree and identifies the segmental bronchi (G 0 ) and distal generations (G 1 -G 10 ). Dimensions of each BA-pair are measured: diameters of bronchial outer wall (B out ), bronchial inner wall (B in ), bronchial wall thickness (B wt ), and artery (A). BA-ratios are computed: B out /A and B in /A to detect bronchial widening and B wt /A and B wa /B oa (=bronchial wall area/bronchial outer area) to detect bronchial wall thickening. Results 113 baseline and 102 48-week scans of 115 SHIP-CT participants were analysed. LungQ measured at baseline and 48-weeks respectively 6,073 and 7,407 BA-pairs in the IS-group and 6,363 and 6,840 BA-pairs in the HS-group. At 48 weeks, B wt /A (mean difference 0.011; 95%CI, 0.0017 to 0.020) and B wa /B oa (mean difference 0.030; 95% 0.009 to 0.052) was significantly higher (worse) in the IS-group compared to the HS-group representing more severe bronchial wall thickening in the IS-group (p=0.025 and p=0.019 respectively). B wt /A and B wa /B oa decreased and B in /A remained stable from baseline to 48 weeks in the HS while it declined in the IS-group (all p<0.001). There was no difference in progression of B out /A between two treatment groups. Conclusion The automatic BA-analysis showed a positive impact of inhaled HS on bronchial lumen and wall thickness, but no treatment effect on progression of bronchial widening over 48 weeks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".