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Small Modular Nuclear Reactors: Development Prospects

2023· article· en· W4379177179 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
A.A. Dyakov

Bibliographic record

VenueWorld Economy and International Relations · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicNuclear and radioactivity studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersInternational Atomic Energy AgencySapienza Università di RomaEuropean Commission
KeywordsNuclear powerRenewable energyGreenhouse gasBusinessElectricity generationEnvironmental economicsNatural resource economicsEnvironmental scienceEngineeringEconomicsPower (physics)Electrical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The need for deep reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions (methane and carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere in order to preserve the global climate amid the growth of electricity production worldwide to meet mankind’s energy needs has stimulated the transfer to the use of energy sources that exclude such emissions. There is an increasing interest to exploitation of renewable energy sources – hydropower, solar and wind power, as well as nuclear power, especially the development of innovative nuclear power. The latter refers to nuclear reactors in which the configuration of systems, coolants, fuels and operating conditions are radically different from traditional reactors. Among promising innovations in the nuclear sector is the concept of small modular reactors (SMRs) whose unique characteristics in terms of enhanced safety, transport mobility, efficiency and economy create favorable conditions for investment in projects to develop them. A number of countries including Argentina, Canada, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States of America are actively working on innovation nuclear power development, and currently more than 70 advanced commercial SMR designs are being built around the world, with the first prototypes to be deployed in the near future or already deployed. However, the construction of a next-generation nuclear power is more than just solving technological problems. Economical factors, primarily the cost of electricity generation compared to renewable energy, will have a significant impact on the development and employment of SMR technology. There is also an export competition among suppliers in the global nuclear technology market, and there are geopolitical issues, including global security and non-proliferation concerns.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.702
Threshold uncertainty score0.927

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.204
Teacher spread0.183 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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