Assessment of persistent organic pollutants in soil and water of kara bisichi, barkin ladi lga of Plateau state, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compound that remain intact for exceptionally long periods of time in the environment as they resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation. Environmental impacts from POPs continue to generate global concern and attract attention especially in urban centers, Some POPs compounds which are toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic and can bio-accumulate by aquatic organisms, plants and human from polluted water and soil. The study aims to identify and quantify the presence of POPs in soil and water of Kara Bisichi of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Soils and water sample were randomly collected at five points within the study area. The pesticide residual levels of the POPs were determined using Gas chromatography- electron capture detector (GC/ECD). The soil samples of both the treated and control had concentrations range of :aldrin (0.008-0.054mg/kg), dieldrin (0.004-0.012mg/kg), heptachlor epoxide (0.009-0.013 mg/kg), paraquat (ND – 0.014 mg/kg), dichlorvos (0.008-0.010 mg/kg), sulprofos (0.002-mg/kg), endosulfan II (ND – 0.0104 mg/kg), all falls within the USEPA and UK MRL standard value of 0.02mg/kg and 0.01mg/kg, except for glyposate (0.0189-0.656mg/kg), dimethoate(0.0132-0.049mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (ND-0.209mg/kg) and cypermathrin (ND-0.176mg/kg) which falls above. And for the water sample had the concentration of: aldrin (0.013mg/l), dieldrin (0.003mg/l), Paraquat (0.010mg/l), dichlorvous (0.077mg/l), glyphosate (0.004mg/l), sulprofos (0.173mg/l). Dimethoate (0.035mg/l), propyzamine (0.712mg/l), atrazine (0.568mg/l), heptachlor epoxide (0.077mg/l), chlorpyrifors (0.173mg/l), p,p–DDT (0.010mg/l) and (0.021mg/l), which all falls within the USEPA, WHO, Australia, Canadian and EU standard value for pesticides in water respectively except for Heptachlor epoxide and chlorpyrifos whose values (0.774mg/l and 0.173mg/l) were above the MRL set by WHO/Australian as (0.03mg/l and 0.05mg/l).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".