Surface and foaming properties of an anionic CO<sub>2</sub>-switchable tail surfactant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CO 2 -switchable materials in general and CO 2 -switchable surfactants in particular are of great interest in environmental research. There is a great potential to make processes more environmentally friendly by enhancing reusability and circularity and thus reducing material costs and energy consumption by replacing common non-switchable surfactants with their switchable counterparts. Inspired by this, the present work deals with the surface and foaming properties of aqueous solutions of the novel anionic CO 2 -switchable tail surfactant sodium 4-(methyl(octyl)amino)butane-1-sulfonate. In the presence of N 2 , the unprotonated surfactant is able to stabilize foams. By switching, i.e. by protonating the CO 2 -responsive trialkyl amine group in the surfactants hydrocarbon chain, the amphiphilic nature of the surfactant is reduced which is indicated by an increase of the plateau surface tension and a higher CMC compared to the non-protonated surfactant. Furthermore, the ability of the protonated surfactant to stabilize foams is reduced.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".