High-dose influenza vaccine in older adults by age and seasonal characteristics: Systematic review and meta-analysis update
Bibliographic record
Abstract
-analysis of randomized and observational studies published up to April 2023 assessed the relative performance of high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV) and standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV) against influenza-associated outcomes in older adults (≥65 years). The analysis included studies conducted over 12 influenza seasons (2009/2010 to 2019/2020, 2021/2022), including over 45 million individuals aged ≥ 65 years, and showed that HD-IIV provided significantly better protection than SD-IIV against influenza-like illness and influenza-related hospitalizations, as well as cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, and all-cause hospitalizations. Subgroup analyses showed HD-IIV consistently provided better protection than SD-IIV against influenza outcomes across the age range (65+, 75+ 85+ years), and regardless of the predominantly circulating influenza strain and vaccine antigenic match/mismatch. Randomized studies continue to drive high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine relative to SD-IIV against severe influenza outcomes in adults aged ≥ 65 years, supported by observational data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".