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Record W4379518947 · doi:10.1002/spy2.328

Understanding impacts of a ransomware on medical and health facilities by utilizing <scp>LockBit</scp> as a case study

2023· article· en· W4379518947 on OpenAlex
Mohammed Rauf Ali Khan

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueSecurity and Privacy · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicAdvanced Malware Detection Techniques
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRansomwareMalwareComputer securityMalware analysisComputer scienceConfidentialityEncryptionCompromiseInternet privacyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract All forms of data are meant to be secured. The emergence of a variety of techniques and tactics utilized by malware authors has made recovery difficult. LockBit ransomware has been in the news and the APT behind deployment of this ransomware virus has compromised several organizations. It is important to understand the behavior of such malware, to identify the anti‐analysis stuff it performs and to block it. The APT involved compromised several health and medical facilities including AIIMS in India and Sick Kids Hospital in Canada. Ransomwares are highly impactful family of malware. Impacts may begin from confidential medical information being harvested over a C2 and can go up to rendering medical equipment useless. This article discusses compromised entities and defending strategies that can be used to block LockBit ransomware using any generic SIEM tool. It also explains the need for tools that can survive ransomware encryption, a restart command‐line and can detect the behavioral patterns of such malware. Several samples were collected from various sources; the identities of compromise were collected from strings and behavior of those samples. Several detection mechanisms including YARA, SNORT, and generic HUNT rules have also been discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.392
Threshold uncertainty score0.569

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.101
GPT teacher head0.353
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it