Midterm Response of Understory Plant Communities after Different Regeneration Treatments in Temperate Hardwood Forests of Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short-term effects of disturbances intensity on understory plant communities are well documented, however, only few studies have examined longer term effects.While increased intensity of soil and canopy disturbances tend to increase species richness in the short term due to early seral-species establishment, those competitive-pioneer species emerging from early stages of succession can become recalcitrant, which can alter patterns of natural regeneration especially by being detrimental to rarer species and such functional groups associated with closed forest habitats.We measured taxonomic and functional diversity indices and soil properties using four levels of disturbance intensity in six temperate hardwood forests of Quebec distributed along a longitudinal gradient.Reference forests-i.e., control forests with no silvicultural treatment known for ≥80 years (control: CON, n=21)-were compared to 20-year-old single-tree selection cuts (SIN, n=13), 20-yearold group-selection cuts (GRP, n=15), and 20-year-old group-selection cuts with soil scarification (GRPS, n=17).Species richness in group-selection treatments was higher than that in reference forests.Plant equitability and beta diversity among sites in GRP and GRPS were lower than in SIN and CON forests.More intense treatments (i.e., GRP and GRPS) contributed to the midterm persistence of early-successional competitor species (i.e., Rubus idaeus, Prunus pensylvanica) whereas sensitive species (e.g., Monotropa uniflora, Dryopteris spinulosa) occurred less often in stands with soil scarification.Of the 20-year-old treatments studied, single-tree selection cutting appears to be the most appropriate silvicultural treatment for maintaining heterogeneous understory plant communities with compositions and structures like natural forests-while more intense treatments maintain and expand for at least 20 years-species that are better adapted to a wider range of environmental conditions, including open environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".