Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the globalization of environmental issues, the impact of environmental pollution on people's lives has become increasingly important. Environmental issues have become increasingly urgent for governments and people in Canada and the United States, primarily due to the growing popularity of industrialization and urbanization. With the longest Canada-U.S. border in the world, the two countries' environmental relationship will directly impact environmental issues on both sides of the border. In terms of environmental policies and diplomatic relations, both countries played an excellent role as the first group of developed countries to emerge from the environmental movement. Based on many scholars' explorations and perspectives on the environmental relationship between Canada and the United States. This article will focus on the environmental policies of the two countries in the mid-to-late 20th century, exploring cross-governmental interactions as well as cross-border scientific and technological collaboration in the context of environmental policies from both countries. Meanwhile, the United States, the most powerful country of the period, has been a role model and an object of imitation in the environmental field for Canada and other countries. However, as the closest neighborhood, the United States has influenced Canada's environmental development positively and negatively, either directly or indirectly.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".