Prognostic impact of LILRB4 expression on tumor‐infiltrating cells in resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4/ILT3) is an up‐and‐coming molecule that promotes immune evasion. We have previously reported that LILRB4 facilitates myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)‐mediated tumor metastasis in mice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the LILRB4 expression levels on tumor‐infiltrating cells on the prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We immunohistochemically evaluated the LILRB4 expression levels of completely resected 239 NSCLC specimens. Whether the blocking of LILRB4 on human PBMC‐derived CD33 + MDSCs inhibited the migration ability of lung cancer cells was also examined using transwell migration assay. Results The LILRB4 high group, in which patients with a high LILRB4 expression level on tumor‐infiltrating cells, showed a shorter overall survival (OS) ( p = 0.013) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) ( p = 0.0017) compared to the LILRB4 low group. Multivariate analyses revealed that a high LILRB4 expression was an independent factor for postoperative recurrence, poor OS and RFS. Even in the cohort background aligned by propensity score matching, OS ( p = 0.023) and RFS ( p = 0.0046) in the LILRB4 high group were shorter than in the LILRB4 low group. Some of the LILRB4 positive cells were positive for MDSC markers, CD33 and CD14. Transwell migration assay demonstrated that blocking LILRB4 significantly inhibited the migration of human lung cancer cells cocultured with CD33 + MDSCs. Conclusion Together, signals through LILRB4 on tumor‐infiltrating cells, including MDSCs, play an essential role in promoting tumor evasion and cancer progression, impacting the recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with resected NSCLC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".