Learning technology beyond positivism and criticism: Reconnecting learning with society through online teaching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, literatures related to the use of technology for teaching and learning have proliferated, which can be divided into two groups: technology positivism and technology criticism. The technology positivism literatures posit that communities can be created in online platforms whereas the second group of literatures argue that learning technologies can detach learning from human societies. Despite criticisms, creating an online learning community has become the focus of technology positivism literatures whereas the notion of learning society that connected learning with society has disappeared. Drawing on key sociological theories of learning such as constructivism, social cognition, and communicative actions, this paper argues that the notion of learning society is a better alternative of online learning community. It proposes online learning society as an alternative model for online teaching and discusses its three key components: social construction of knowledge, situated cognition and social integration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.049 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.033 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".