O4 | Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral maxillary and inferior alveolar nerve blocks in adult cats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This study described the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral maxillary and inferior alveolar nerve blocks in adult cats under general anesthesia.Materials and Methods: Ten healthy adult cats (4.8 0.8 kg) were included in a randomized, prospective trial.Anesthetic protocol included acepromazine-methadone-propofol-isoflurane.Each cat randomly received 0.2 (BUPI2) or 0.3 mL (BUPI3) per site of bupivacaine 0.5% (4 and 6 mg per cat, respectively) (n = 5/group).Blood was collected before (time 0) and at 2, 7, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 min after the four nerve blocks.Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Bupivacaine pharmacokinetics was described using a non-compartmental analysis and parameters were compared using pairwise comparisons (p .05).Results: Doses of bupivacaine were significantly different (BUPI2: 0.89 0.15 mg/kg; BUPI3: 1.22 0.21 mg/kg).For BUPI2 and BUPI3, maximum bupivacaine plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 825 299 and 926 196 ng/mL at 5.0 2.7 and 9.6 5.8 min (Tmax), area under the curve (AUC) to last measured concentration was 142 36 and 178 60 min*g/mL, clearance was 5.4 0.8 and 7.0 5.7 mL/min/ kg, elimination half-life was 245 54 and 278 90 min, and mean residence time to the last measured concentration was 185 13 and 182 33 min, respectively (all comparisons p > .05).Small concentrations of bupivacaine were detected at 600 min (72 22 in BUPI2 and 104 55 ng/mL in BUPI3).Conclusions: Bilateral maxillary and inferior alveolar nerve blocks using two volumes and doses of administration did not produce signs of toxicosis even when peak concentrations were achieved shortly after injection.Further studies are warranted to investigate the pharmacodynamics of dental blocks in cats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".