Bibliographic record
Abstract
We finished the first edition of this book in November 1987, the month in which René Lévesque died -an opportune time to evaluate Quebec society.The present edition is being published thirty-two years after the election of the Parti Québécois in November 1976.Unlike the emotions around sovereignty in those two periods, Quebecers, at this writing of a fourth edition in 2008, seem more concerned with issues of the environment, health care, and the integration of immigrants.In our first edition, we noted that one of the reasons for writing the book was the overemphasis on what we called a "traditional, political orientation" in treatments of Quebec written in English.We compensated by devoting important sections to society, the economy, and labour.In our second edition -written in the aftermath of the 1992 referendum which rejected the Charlottetown Accord -we gave more space to the "national question" and its implications for language, culture, and civil law.The Canada-United States free trade agreement of 1988 also loomed large on our radar as we tried to evaluate its effects on Quebec culture, regional development, and relations with the rest of Canada.This work remains concentrated on the concerns of social historians, who regard material condition, social class, gender, ethnicity, and race as the prime determinants of history.The 1990s and the millennium have confirmed the poignancy of these concerns; the place of women and their objectives in Quebec society has changed, as has the issue of aboriginal self-government.The welfare state and social democracy -pillars of postwar Canadian society -have been
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.426 | 0.252 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".