RAFT Polymerization of Styrene with Potassium Ethylxanthate as the Chain Transfer Agent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using potassium ethylxanthate as the chain transfer agent, 2,2’-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as the initiator, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene was carried out. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amounts of the initiator and chain transfer agent on the RAFT polymerization were investigated in terms of monomer conversion, average number molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Ð) of the obtained polymer. Monomer conversion and the Mn of the obtained polystyrene (PS) improved with an increase in the reaction temperature, and the polymerization kinetics exhibited a highly linear relationship, indicating a first-order reaction. When the amounts of the initiator and chain transfer agent were increased, it led to a decreased Mn of the produced PS. Meanwhile, the Ð of the PS was in a relatively narrow range (1.42-1.89). The chain-end functionality was further demonstrated by adding methyl methacrylate to the PS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".