SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BOLTED GLULAM TIMBER BRACE CONNECTIONS WITH INTERNAL STEEL PLATES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mass timber braced frame systems achieve their ductility through the brace connections.Canadian design standards currently lack guidance on how to detail bolted brace connections to achieve a target system-level ductility as defined in the National Building Code of Canada.The objective of this research is to develop guidelines on how to detail bolted glulam timber brace connections to achieve moderate or limited ductility.To accomplish this objective, a 4-storey prototype building was designed to determine realistic brace design forces as well as investigate how different parameters (e.g., fastener diameter and number of slotted-in plates) can impact the design of a timber braced frame.Based on the prototype structure, a connection with two internal steel plates was designed and detailed, which included consideration for the fastener slenderness and spacing to achieve ductile behaviour.To validate the performance of the proposed connection, full-scale testing under monotonic and cyclic loading was conducted.This paper discusses the results of the experimental testing, including connection stiffness, strength, ductility, as well as its energy dissipation capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".