FIRE RESISTANCE TESTING OF CLT-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SLABS UTILIZING GLUED-IN STEEL PLATES AS SHEAR CONNECTORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Timber-concrete composite (TCC) sections have shown desirable mechanical characteristics for use in the structural design of mass timber buildings at both ambient and elevated temperatures.TCC sections have advantages over conventional steel-reinforced concrete elements or timber elements on their own.While some recent performance-based design guidelines have been developed to aid in the design of TCC sections, they primarily rely on experimental data from specific TCC arrangements with certain types of shear connectors (e.g., steel plates, metal screws, etc.).The study presented in this paper involves experimental testing of two full-size CLT-concrete composite one-way floor slabs that were exposed to elevated temperatures of the CAN/ULC-S101 standard fire time-temperature curve, while being subjected to four-point flexure bending that is equivalent to the moment developed by a uniformly distributed 4.8 kPa service load.Each TCC slab assembly had a clear, simply supported span of 5000 mm and a width of 900 mm.The CLT panel composition (5 plys) and thickness (143 mm) were chosen to investigate how its one-hour fire resistance under the applied service loads could be increased to two hours by developing the composite action with the added concrete layer (90 mm thick) that otherwise would impose |dead load on the CLT panel without contributing to the overall strength of the floor system.Shear connectors utilized in these two TCC floor assemblies were perforated steel plates installed in prepared longitudinal slots using epoxy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".